P2, P3

This task require us to summaries user and server side factors that can affect the functionality of our websites.

P2

Firstly I shall be discussing the side factor that comes from the user's end. We have to consider the facts that some user's will be running a low spec computer/laptop, so we shall validate and assess these factors.

Download speed
The download speed will determine how long it'll take to load a webpage, the download speed is different for two different webpages on a internet connection that is the same. Having a slow internet connection or your computer storing a lot of data is likely to slow down your download speed, and may even time out the web page. To avoid this is to make sure your computer has plenty of space, also to have the best connection possible, this may you to change your internet provider but this will give you a better browsing experience.

Browser
Whilst viewing our websites you'll want to the experience to their full potential. So you will need a good browser like Google Chrome or Firefox, because they will be compatible with all plugs-ins and add-on, as this will allow for videos and pictures and  music to display and work.

Cache memory
Another thing that can slow a user's computer down is their cache memory. Cache memory is the data based off of your browser history  if this becomes to high it may slow down your computer. To prevent this side factor from happening you simply just delete the history so that it doesn't take up any needed space, this should allow your computer to speed up and browse our website more fluently.


Processor
Someone that has a low processing speed will take longer to load and display the website and the data. If a user is multi-tasking i.e. listening to music on YouTube  while web browsing, this will slow your processing speed significantly, as your processor will be struggle to keep up.

Now we shall be taking a look at the server side factors.

Web Server Capacity
Once our websites are up and running we'll need to have a good website capacity. This means the number of visitors your website can support, your website is affected  by the number of viewer and the amount of content it contains, both of these valuables can slow your site down and make it unresponsive. Having a website that can handle 100's of user can deem very beneficial.

Bandwidth
Bandwidth is the speed of which data is downloaded by the user, this is usually measured in 'bits per second'. The size of bandwidth affects the speed in which a webpage will load, the size of your bandwidth is determined your internet provider, this will cost more money but it will be very beneficial.

File Types 
The file types you use for your pictures, videos, and music will have an affect on the performance of your website. Different file types take up different amounts of memory, though we still have to produce a high quality site to browse. For example bitmap images file will do not take up much memory space (so it will load much quicker), but have a low image quality , whereas a Jpeg file will take up a lot of space, resulting in slower load rates, but the higher quality is beneficial. Both Bitmap and Jpeg have their flaws in website design, there is a pixel based file type that is design for the soul purpose of website creation, these are called Gif's, they're a small file and has a close to Jpeg image quality. For non-pixel based images, Vector file type are used for very specific images that are not made up of pixels, it a small file type to prevent a lot of space being used up. For music to be  implemented in your website there really only two file types that are supported in website design. MP3 is the most common and used audio file for it's small file size and reasonable audio quality, however Wav files are also known to be used as they produce audio at a higher quality than MP3, though not commonly used because of the amount of memory space it takes up.

P3  

Security
There are many thing that can cause harm to your website and the customers that use it. Hackers cause big issues for website and their users, as they use certain kinds of software like crime-ware to intrude with an on going exchange between customer and website. This intrusion allows the hackers to intercept exchanged data i.e. bank details, etc. and supply the user with false information. They do this by intruding the connection, intercepting messages and modifying the data how they see fit. Hackers can also commit fraud with the use of Botnets by forwarding transmissions to other computers without knowing the owners. Botnets allows the hacker to see what keys that the users is typing, this is to gather an individuals credit details.

Viruses are another serious issue that has to combated against. Viruses are programs made by hackers to delete files, increase or decrease memory files, change your computer systems, gain access to personal files and damage your computer entirely. One of the most recognized viruses is the Trojan Horse.

This image is to show viewers what may occur if a Trojan horse virus attacks your system. 

Security protection 

We have to protect our websites and our customers for the harm of hackers. We have multiple way in which we can protect ourselves. 

Firewalls

Firewall quite literally produce a barrier to protect your system, by preventing any unauthorized programs to gain access and enter your computer. The image below illustrates the function of a firewall. 

Secure socket layer (SSL)
It's a protocol that provides security whilst you're online talking to people. It job is to make sure your actually talking to the person is exactly who they say they are, it able to to this by providing endpoint authentication. This protocol will take place throughout all social networks and also the communciation between a business and it's customers.

They are simple and effective way to prevent intrusion to users account. It simply for users to create very strong password to their accounts, by combing letters and numbers, using symbols and being eight characters at a minimum, it make gaining access to your account much harder for hackers. 

Unit 28 P1, M1, D1

What is the internet? Simply the internet is a wire that runs through the ground, connected to our fiber optics, satellites and mobile phones. The internet has servers that are directly connected to it, these servers contain web pages within their hard drives, and each different server comes with its own unique IP Internet protocol address. Computers use this address to help find one another, though we are more formerly with Google.com and Facebook.com and Youtube.com. So this is how it works, our laptops computers, phones, etc are not connected directly to the internet; something that is indirectly connected to the internet is a client, not a server. The only way that we are able to access the internet is by using an Internet Service Provider.

Internet service provider

Internet service providers or an ‘ISP’ is an organization like BT, Sky or Virgin that provides you access to the Internet, You’re connected to the provider by your home hub and the company will check if you’re able to access the internet. Though there are multiple forms of ISP’s that provide certain actions, such as 'Access, Hosting and Transit ISP’s'.

Access ISP’s allowing clients to gain a direct connection the Internet; this is done by either fibre optic connections or can be done wirelessly.

• Hosting ISP’s will lease out sever space to smaller companies.
• Transit ISP’s grant larger bandwidth for the connection of the Hosting and Access ISP’s
• There is other such as Free, Virtual and Mailbox providers.

The provider can be organized into either commercial, non-profit, community and privately owned.

The World Wide Web

We commonly recognize this system of it's an abbreviated form (WWW). It’s a system of interlinked hypertext documents that can only be accessed from the internet. This allows for the viewing of web pages that contain text, images and multimedia, we navigate through them via hyperlinks.

Domain Name

Domain names are a series of identification strings that defines a realm to be administrative, autonomy, authority or control for the internet. Domain names are moulded by a set of rules and procedures of the DNS (Domain Name System). Every name that is registered in the DNS is a domain name.

Domain Structure

The way the domain name space is structured is represented by a tree. Each leaf so to speak can contain multiple resource records or none what so ever, the information their hold is associated with a domain name. Where the tree sub divides we get zones, the lowest zone is the the root zone. DNS zone can only have one single domain or many sub domains. The image below helps illustrate this.

Web hosting service

Individuals or entire companies need the web hosting service (a type of internet hosting service); this service allows websites to become accessible from the World Wide Web. There are companies that are web hosts that provide server space that clients can either own or lease out for their usage.

Browsers

A browser is a software application designed for the users to navigate through the World Wide Web, such examples Internet Explorer, Google Chrome and Safari. These browsers identify web pages, images, video, etc by a URI, which can be accessed by the user for viewing of data.

Email

Email stands for electronic mail, which is a method of exchanging mail digitally across the internet to either a single or multiple people.

Routers

Routers are basically handling all the traffic directing functions that happen throughout the internet. The most common and recognized routers are found in our very own homes known as a home router or home hub. These home hub's are connect to the internet via your ISP, and have a simple function of passing data i.e. a web page from the internet to your home computer. A more sophisticated routers help connect businesses and large ISP networks to the internet. They're connect to a core router can forward data at high speeds.

Proxy servers

They are a type of server that acts as an intermediary for clients that are looking for data on another server. Proxy servers differ in type and in function, i.e. keeping the machines that run the server anonymous, this is for security purposes, to speed up access to a particular resource or even gain the user access to sites that have been filtered by your ISP.

Web 2.0

Coined at O'Reilly media conference, they described that the World Wide Web has evolved from static electronic brochures into an interactive online software services, in short Web 2.0 is an interactive web. Web 2.0 has allowed users interact and communicate with one another, instead of the limitations of staring at the screen with a set content, we're now equip with social networking, wikis, blogs, video, web applications, etc all allowing for interactivity and user generated content.

Blogs

Blogs are a discussion/informational sites that are on the World Wide Web. These sites allow for users to 'post' articles of either an educational or personal purpose, i.e. what you are reading right now is on blog site. Until 2009 blogs were more like the work of an individual, or in rare cases small groups, and were usually consisted of one subject. Since then blogs have been developed so that a large number of people working on posts, we've come to terms with calling them 'multi-author blog'.

Online Applications

They are applications that are accessed by users over the internet or an intranet. It can also mean that the computer software application is coded in a browser-supported programming language i.e. JavaScript, and a common web browser to render the application functional.

Cloud computing

The use of computing resources of both hardware and software, it's a service that's delivered over the internet. Cloud computing gets its name from the use of a cloud-shaped diagram, this is a simple illustration of the complex infrastructure it has. The purpose of cloud computing is to entrust remote services with the data of users, software and computation.

Transport and Addressing protocol

In short and vague terms Addressing is how computer manage to locate each other and transporting is how computers information between each other. Any network device contains a coded MAC address and set IP address, these addresses along with ARP (address resolution protocol) is how computer can identify one another over the internet. TCP (transmission control protocol) is the backbone of the internet; it is how data is delivered form server to host. HTTPS (hypertext transfer protocol secure) is communications protocol that provides secure communication over a computer network. It's not exactly a protocol, it simply layers the HTTP on top of SSL protocol, this adds to your security capabilities. The HTTP is different from the HTTPS because it's based on the movement of information between client and server. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the transmission of electronic mail across the internet protocols.Both electronic mail servers and mail transfer agents use this protocol to simply send and receive message, though user level client mail applications will use SMTP for relaying by only sending messages to a mail server.